"The largest global store of frozen water after the polar regions” serves water to nearly two billion people, yet changes in climate mean it too has been affected, as are the countries that are dependent on it.
Shootouts between border troops of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have become increasingly regular and delimitation talks have made little progress.
Tajikistan and Iran share common borders in a difficult neighbourhood and both countries have Persian-majorities. Here is what experts say more about their military cooperation.
The Tajik Interior Ministry says clashes occurred during an 'anti-terror operation' after 200 armed people blocked a highway on the border with Afghanistan.
Although Iran's expansionist aspirations are primarily aimed at the Middle East, the states of the South Caucasus and Central Asia remain in Tehran’s sights.
The president’s son will face growing domestic challenges and an increasingly turbulent regional order.
The Organization of Turkic States has expressed concern over the situation, urging diplomatic negotiations between the two sides and an immediate cessation of armed clashes.
At least two Tajiks have been killed and 10 other citizens injured during one of the bloodiest escalations between the two countries recently.
Tehran is wary of destabilisation in Central Asia, which could pose a threat to its economic and national security.
Statement from Russia comes amid tension on the Afghanistan-Tajikistan border with the two neighbors having deployed troops who are prepared for the scenario where a clash emerges.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation should "use its potential" to drive the Taliban in fulfilling its promises on preventing terrorism and drug trafficking, says President Putin.
Leaders of the eight-member bloc attending a summit in Tajikistan did not announce a timeline for Tehran's membership of the multilateral alliance.
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