Austrian writer Peter Handke, who denied the 1995 Bosnia genocide, also visited former Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic Milosevic in prison and tried to testify in his favour.
Scientists William Kaelin, Peter Ratcliffe, and Gregg Semenza won the accolade for their body of work on how cells sense and adapt to the availability of oxygen, the award-giving body says.
The Swedish Academy will be allowed to award the 2018 and 2019 Nobel Prize for literature this year after a sex scandal forced a postponement of last year's prize.
Trinidad-born British author and Nobel laureate whose celebrated writing and provocative personality drew admiration and revulsion in equal measures, died at his London home, his family says.
The Swedish Academy announced its decision to delay the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature to deal with allegations of sexual abuse and harassment that have rocked the secretive institution. Allegations of leaked winners have only added to the pain.
The decision comes after row within the secretive committee that awards the Nobel Prize in Literature over sexual harassment allegations prompting a rare intervention in public life by King Carl XVI Gustaf.
The award marks a return to a more mainstream interpretation of literature after the 2016 prize went to American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan.
The American musician declined to attend the official ceremony. He collected his prize in a private event in Sweden's capital, Stockholm.
After maintaining a strange silence for weeks after he was named the winner of the award, the renowned singer-songwriter has said he was left "speechless" by the decision.
Bob Dylan has not responded to calls by the Swedish Academy since being awarded the Nobel prize in literature.
"The greatest living poet" is the first musician to be awarded the prize.
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