Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro branded the sanctions as "insolent," as pressure piled up on him abroad and at home over his plan to elect a new body to rewrite the constitution.
The Democratic Unity coalition had called a march on the pro-Maduro Supreme Court in support of alternative magistrates appointed by the opposition, but security forces blocked their way with armoured cars and riot shields.
Many protests have ended in clashes between masked youths and security forces, with more than 90 killed, hundreds arrested and thousands injured since the unrest began at the start of April.
Clash between riot police and angry protesters marks the latest violence in nearly two months of unrest in which 58 people have died.
The opposition is demanding that elections be held to improve the country's deteriorated economy.
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